列管(guan)換(huan)熱器內部管(guan)系泄漏(lou)(lou)主要分為管(guan)子本身(shen)泄漏(lou)(lou)和端口泄漏(lou)(lou)。   

2.1 管子(zi)端口(kou)泄(xie)漏原(yuan)因   

2.1.1 熱應力過(guo)大         

列管(guan)(guan)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器在(zai)操作時，由于(yu)冷、熱(re)(re)流(liu)體(ti)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度不同(tong)，使(shi)(shi)殼體(ti)和管(guan)(guan)壁(bi)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度互有差異。這種差異使(shi)(shi)殼體(ti)和管(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)的(de)熱(re)(re)膨(peng)脹(zhang)(zhang)不同(tong)，當(dang)兩者溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差較(jiao)大時可能將管(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)扭彎，或(huo)使(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)從花板(ban)上拉松(song)，甚至毀壞整(zheng)個換(huan)熱(re)(re)器。對此，就必須結(jie)構(gou)上考(kao)慮熱(re)(re)膨(peng)脹(zhang)(zhang)的(de)影響(xiang)，采用(yong)各種補償的(de)方法。換(huan)熱(re)(re)器在(zai)啟停過程中溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升(sheng)率、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)降率超過規定，使(shi)(shi)高加的(de)管(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)和管(guan)(guan)板(ban)受到較(jiao)大的(de)熱(re)(re)應力，使(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)和管(guan)(guan)板(ban)相聯接的(de)焊縫(feng)或(huo)脹(zhang)(zhang)接處發生損壞，引起端口泄漏。因管(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)壁(bi)薄，收縮快，管(guan)(guan)板(ban)厚，收縮慢(man)，常導(dao)致管(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)板(ban)的(de)焊縫(feng)或(huo)脹(zhang)(zhang)接處損壞。這就是規定的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)降率允許值只1.7℃／min-   2.0℃／min，比(bi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升(sheng)率允許值2℃／min-   5℃／min   要嚴格(ge)的(de)原因。     

2.1.2 管板變(bian)形    

主(zhu)要是管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)及加(jia)(jia)工(gong)時(shi)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)與管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)相連，管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)會(hui)使管(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)端口(kou)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)泄漏。高(gao)(gao)加(jia)(jia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)水(shui)側(ce)壓力(li)(li)高(gao)(gao)、溫度(du)低(di)，汽(qi)(qi)側(ce)則壓力(li)(li)低(di)、溫度(du)高(gao)(gao)，尤其有(you)內(nei)置(zhi)式(shi)疏水(shui)冷卻(que)段者(zhe)，溫差更大(da)。如(ru)果管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)厚度(du)不夠，則管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)會(hui)有(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)中(zhong)心會(hui)向壓力(li)(li)低(di)、溫度(du)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)側(ce)鼓(gu)凸(tu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)水(shui)側(ce)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)中(zhong)心凹陷。在(zai)(zai)(zai)主(zhu)機(ji)負荷(he)(he)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)時(shi)，加(jia)(jia)汽(qi)(qi)側(ce)壓力(li)(li)和(he)溫度(du)相應(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)。尤其在(zai)(zai)(zai)調(diao)峰幅度(du)大(da)，調(diao)峰速(su)度(du)過快或(huo)負荷(he)(he)突變(bian)(bian)(bian)時(shi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)使用定(ding)速(su)給水(shui)泵的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件下，水(shui)側(ce)壓力(li)(li)也會(hui)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)，甚至可能(neng)超過高(gao)(gao)加(jia)(jia)給水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)壓力(li)(li)：這些變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)會(hui)使管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)導致管(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)端口(kou)泄漏或(huo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)。如(ru)果高(gao)(gao)加(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進汽(qi)(qi)門內(nei)漏，則在(zai)(zai)(zai)主(zhu)機(ji)運(yun)(yun)行中(zhong)停運(yun)(yun)高(gao)(gao)加(jia)(jia)后，會(hui)使高(gao)(gao)加(jia)(jia)水(shui)側(ce)被加(jia)(jia)熱而(er)定(ding)容升壓，如(ru)水(shui)側(ce)無安全閥(fa)或(huo)安全閥(fa)失(shi)靈，壓力(li)(li)可能(neng)升得很高(gao)(gao)，也會(hui)使管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)。